The word schizophrenia comes from the Greek word schizein, meaning "to split," and the Greek word Phrenos, meaning "diaphragm, heart, mind." It is a mental disorder that usually manifests itself in early adulthood or late adolescence, however, it can manifest itself at any point in life. This is one of the brain diseases that can include delusions, agitation and loss of personality, social isolation, psychosis, confusion and strange behavior.
It most often affects women aged 25 to 35 years and men aged 15 to 25 years. In many cases, the disorder develops so slowly that the patient is unaware of his illness for a long time. While in other cases it can happen suddenly and develop very quickly. It is a severe, complex, chronic and disabling brain disease that affects approximately 1% of all adults worldwide. Experts say that schizophrenia is, apparently, a multitude of diseases masquerading as one whole.
Studies show that this is most likely the result of abnormal development of neurons in the fetal brain, which later in life manifests itself as a full-blown disease. The human brain consists of billions of nerve cells. Every nerve cell has branches. They receive and transmit messages to other nerve cells.
Neurotransmitters are types of chemicals released at the end of these cells. These neurotransmitters transmit messages from the endings of one nerve cell to the body of another nerve cell. This messaging system does not work properly in the brain of a person suffering from schizophrenia.
Signs and Symptoms
There are no physical or laboratory tests that can accurately diagnose schizophrenia. A psychiatrist will make a diagnosis based on the patient's clinical symptoms.
The symptoms may be as follows:
• Movement disorders.
• Problems with memory, attention, and organization.
• Unusual feelings or thoughts.
• Difficulty expressing emotions and speaking.
However, a physical examination can rule out certain disorders and conditions that sometimes have similar symptoms, such as brain tumors, seizures, thyroid dysfunction, drug use, and metabolic disorders.
The symptoms depend on the type of schizophrenia.:
1. Paranoid symptoms may include:
• Arguments or anger;
• Alarm;
• False beliefs.
2. Symptoms of disorganization may include:
• Lack of emotions.
• Childish behavior
• Problems with explanation and thinking.
3. Catatonic symptoms may include:
• Strange facial expressions or grimace.
• Lack of activity.
• Rigid muscles and posture.
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