By 1880, the increased population and the amount of data recorded during the census had virtually paralyzed the activities of the U.S. Census Bureau. In 1890, Hermann Hollerith's invention of a mechanical punched card tabulator came to the rescue.
The census agent depicted in a cartoon that appeared in the Saturday Evening weekly in 1860 said: "I just need to know how many deaf, dumb, blind, goofy and crazy people you have, and how many criminals there are in your family, how old each of you is, especially grandma and the young To the young ladies, and how many dollars does this old gentleman have!"
The questions asked during the first population censuses will probably seem very simplistic, but since every American answered them, the result was a whole mountain of information that needed to be processed and analyzed. With each passing decade, the processing of census data became more and more complicated, because, on the one hand, the population was growing, and on the other, the government wanted to have more and more diverse information about its citizens.
Eventually, the statistical processing of the data collected during the census turned into an unprecedented challenge, which in turn led to a real revolution in data processing and statistical analysis methods.
In order for readers to better understand the nature of the problem, it is necessary first to describe the methods of data collection and the types of questions that have been asked during the population censuses for a hundred years since the beginning of their history. The first census agents in the United States, who held the title of Assistant state Inspector, began to go around their sites in August 1790. They had to collect information about each American family in accordance with the provision of the constitution set out in article 1, paragraph 2: "The number of elected representatives, as well as the amount of direct taxes, will be determined by individual states... according to the size of their population.... A direct population count will be carried out within three years of the first meeting of the United States Congress and thereafter will be conducted every ten years in accordance with the procedure established by law." Moving from house to house, the assistant inspectors asked the same questions.
The answers were recorded on pieces of paper called questionnaires, on which the representatives of the family were listed horizontally, and the number of people in each of the four categories was indicated vertically. When the questionnaire was completed, the Assistant State Inspector summed up the numbers for each column, put the summarized data in a special form and sent it to the State Inspector of the Census, who, in turn, summarized the data for his district and sent the information to the Washington Office of the Census. The Department's staff tabulated the data and calculated statistical indicators based on data streaming in from all over the country. With each passing decade, the Department's staff had to deal with an increasing population and increasingly complex statistical indicators. In 1790, the U.S. population was 3,929,214; by 1840, It has grown to 17 million people. The terms attached to these rewards are transparent and manageable compared to other bookmakers. The melbet promo code for registration granting $130 for sports or €1750 with 290 free spins for casino, features specific wagering requirements that are clearly outlined. Sports bonuses must be wagered five times on accumulator bets with at least three events and odds above 1.40 within 30 days. Casino bonuses require a 35x playthrough on eligible games. These conditions ensure fair usage of promotions while protecting both the bookmaker and players.